Immergiamoci nella storia affascinante della ceramica Raku, un’arte che affonda le radici nell’antica Kyoto del XVI secolo. In quei tempi remoti, i maestri Zen trovavano nella semplicità e nell’autenticità di questa tecnica un riflesso dei loro insegnamenti spirituali, creando con essa oggetti per le sacre cerimonie del tè.
Fu durante il tumultuoso periodo Sengoku che il valoroso Toyotomi Hideyoshi, figura leggendaria tra i samurai, affidò a Tanaka Chōjirō, un ceramista di straordinario talento, l’incarico di realizzare piastrelle per il suo castello. In segno di stima, gli conferì il sigillo d’oro “Raku”, simbolo di serenità e gioia.
Il nome Raku divenne ben presto sinonimo di eccellenza nella ceramica, grazie all’eredità lasciata da Chōjirō e perpetuata dal figlio adottivo, che lo adottò come cognome in onore del padre. Questa tradizione familiare ha dato vita a un tipo di ceramica che ancora oggi incanta per la sua bellezza.
Con il passare dei secoli, la ceramiche giapponesi Raku ha varcato i confini del Giappone, guadagnando fama internazionale grazie a esposizioni prestigiose come quelle di Parigi, Filadelfia e Chicago. E non fu che l’inizio di una nuova era per il Raku, poiché l’artista americano Bernard Leach, profondamente ispirato dalla sua visita in Giappone, aprì nel 1920 la St. Ives Pottery in Cornovaglia, divulgando questa antica arte e arricchendola con tecniche innovative di riduzione e vaporizzazione post-cottura. Un ponte tra passato e presente, tra Oriente e Occidente, che continua a ispirare artisti e appassionati in tutto il mondo.
Ceramica Raku – Processo di Produzione
La ceramica Raku si distingue per un processo creativo che trasforma ogni pezzo in un’opera d’arte irripetibile.
Immaginate di assistere alla nascita di queste meraviglie: dapprima, le creazioni vengono riscaldate rapidamente in un forno che raggiunge temperature ardenti, oscillando tra i 900 e i 1000 gradi Celsius.
Questo passaggio è cruciale per donare alla ceramica quelle qualità distintive che tanto ammiriamo.
Una volta raggiunta la temperatura desiderata, dopo circa tre ore, i pezzi incandescenti vengono estratti con cautela utilizzando pinze di ferro.
Segue un momento di pura alchimia: gli oggetti roventi vengono delicatamente collocati in un contenitore dove materiale combustibile come trucioli di legno o fogli di giornale attende di essere incendiato dal loro calore. Questa azione non solo genera fiamme ma crea anche un ambiente riducente, fondamentale per gli effetti visivi successivi.
L’assenza di ossigeno in questa fase permette ai diversi ossidi di reagire chimicamente, dando vita a motivi metallici e madreperlati.
Allo stesso tempo, l’argilla non smaltata assume tonalità più scure, e gli smalti possono sviluppare un aspetto metallico se esposti a queste intense temperature.
Dopo la combustione, i pezzi vengono immersi in acqua per rimuovere i residui della combustione e rivelare la loro bellezza finale. Questo processo non solo pulisce ma provoca anche una riduzione del volume dell’oggetto, eliminando le particelle d’aria intrappolate al suo interno.
Infine, il rapido raffreddamento e gli sbalzi di temperatura possono dare origine all’effetto craquelé, caratterizzato da piccole crepe sulla superficie che aggiungono un ulteriore livello di unicità ad ogni pezzo.
Insieme, queste pratiche e la composizione specifica dell’argilla utilizzata, conferiscono alla ceramica Raku quel fascino quasi magico, con variazioni di colore e texture che rendono ogni creazione unica e preziosa. Ecco perché la ceramica Raku è così amata: ogni pezzo è il risultato di un processo che è tanto un’arte quanto una scienza.
La ceramica combina arte, scienza e artigianato. Ogni pezzo riflette la storia culturale, la creatività dell’artista e la complessità del processo di creazione. La ceramica può essere vista come una forma di espressione che collega l’antico con il moderno, il funzionale con il bello, e questo la rende un campo affascinante da esplorare e apprezzare.
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